Tutorial
Mesh generation
A mesh is mainly composed by cells and nodes. in Amaru, a mesh is also composed by surface cells and surface edges and are computed at the time of mesh generation.
Nodes
A node is represented by an instance of the Node type. It contains the node coordinates, a identification number and a tag string that can be used to label a group of nodes.
using Amaru
node = Node(1.0, 2.0, 0.0, id=1, tag="vertex")Node
id: 1
coord: [1.0, 2.0, 0.0]
tag: "vertex"
dofs: 0-element Vector{Dof}
dofdict: OrderedDict{Symbol, Dof} with 0 entriesCells
A mesh cell is represented by an instace of the Cell type. It is defined by a given shape object, a list of nodes, a identification number an a tag string. The shape object contains information related with the geometry of a finite element. For example, a TRI3 shape represents the shape of a linear triangular finite element.
using Amaru
node1 = Node(0.0, 0.0, id=1)
node2 = Node(1.0, 0.0, id=2)
node3 = Node(1.0, 1.0, id=3)
nodes = [ node1, node2, node3 ]
Cell(TRI3, nodes, id=1, tag="triangle")Cell
id: 1
shape: CellShape name="TRI3"
nodes: 3-element Vector{Node}:
1: Node id=1
2: Node id=2
3: Node id=3
tag: "triangle"
quality: 0.0
embedded: false
crossed: false
owner: nothing
linked_elems: 0-element Vector{Amaru.AbstractCell}There are many shapes defined in Amaru, for instance: LIN2, LIN3, TRI3, TRI6, QUAD4, QUAD8, QUAD9 TET4, TET10, PYR5, WED6, WED15, HEX8, HEX20, HEX27, etc.
Blocks
Blocks are entities used to aid the generation of structured meshes in 1D, 2D and 3D. A Block type represents a geometric segment, area (4 or 8 point quadrilateral) or volume (8 or 20 point hexahedron). An instance of the block type is generated from a coordinates matrix and predefined number of divisions divisions (nx, ny, nz) in the $x$, $y$ and $z$ directions of a local system. The block below represents a 2D Block with nx=7 and ny=5. The mplot function saves the block image to a file in svg format. Other formats as pdf and png can be used.
using Amaru
block = Block([0 0; 4 0; 3 2; 1 2], nx=7, ny=5)
mplot(block, "block.svg", markers=true)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file block.svg saved
Blocks can be combined to define a complex geometry. To manipulate blocks, Amaru provides several operators as copy, move!, scale!, rotate, mirror, array, polar, extrude, etc.
For example, let's generate a square mesh with a central hole. We start with a quadratic quadrilateral block. Note that the vertex coordinates follow the same numbering as conventional finite elements. Thus, the corner nodes are listed first, and then the middle nodes. All the nodes are listed couterclockwise.
using Amaru
block1 = Block(
[
0.0 0.0
0.7643 0.7643
0.6667 1.0
0.0 1.0
0.38215 0.38215
0.692 0.8724
0.3333 1.0
0.0 0.5
],
cellshape=QUAD8, nx=5, ny=5
)
mplot(block1, "block1.svg", markers=true)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file block1.svg saved
A mirror operation can be applyed to this block to get a second one. Then, both blocks can be grouped in an array for further manipulation.
block2 = mirror(block1, base=[0, 0], axis=[0.7643, -0.7643])
blocks = [block1, block2]
mplot(blocks, "blocks.svg", markers=true)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file blocks.svg saved
The center of the circle that contains the arc is located at the coordinates (1,1). To place the center at the origin (0,0) we perform a move! operation.
move!(blocks, dx=-1.0, dy=-1.0)
mplot(blocks, "moved.svg", markers=true, axis=true)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file moved.svg saved
Next, we can apply a polar operation to the current geometry to obtain the square region with a central hole. Note that the original geometry was replicated four times (n=4) with different rotation angles. For this purpose a rotation axis and a base point were employed.
hole = polar(blocks, base=[0, 0], axis=[0, 0, 1], angle=360, n=4)
mplot(hole, "hole.svg", markers=true)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file hole.svg saved
Then, an extrude operation is used to obtain a volume following a defined axis and length. The argument n=4 represents the number of divisions intended along the new dimension.
solid = extrude(hole, axis=[0, 0, 1], length=1, n=4)
mplot(solid, "solid.svg", markers=true, dist=13)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file solid.svg saved
Note that, the solid variable is an array with four blocks, as shown in the figure. This array is used to generate the structured mesh.
mesh = Mesh(solid)
mplot(mesh, "mesh.svg", dist=13)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file mesh.svg saved
Finally, a smooth operation can be applied to improve the cells quality.
smooth_mesh = smooth!(mesh)
mplot(smooth_mesh, "smooth_mesh.svg", dist=13)Mesh Laplacian smoothing:
it qmin q1 q2 q3 qmax qavg sdev time histogram (0:0.05:1]
0 0.662 0.764 0.820 0.868 0.930 0.813 0.07626 - [ ▂▄▆▇▅▆ ]
1 0.688 0.770 0.838 0.909 0.956 0.834 0.07929 0m 0.14s [ ▂▃▄▆▅▇▁]
2 0.688 0.785 0.855 0.911 0.956 0.846 0.07911 0m 0.05s [ ▁▃▄▃▅▇_]
3 0.694 0.793 0.863 0.922 0.966 0.852 0.07937 0m 0.05s [ ▁▃▃▂▅▇▁]
4 0.700 0.799 0.872 0.929 0.973 0.856 0.07920 0m 0.06s [ ▃▂▃▄▇▁]
5 0.706 0.805 0.878 0.930 0.977 0.858 0.07879 0m 0.24s [ ▃▁▅▄▇▁]
6 0.712 0.810 0.883 0.929 0.981 0.860 0.07830 0m 0.05s [ ▄▁▆▅▇▂]
7 0.718 0.813 0.886 0.927 0.983 0.860 0.07784 0m 0.05s [ ▄▁▇▅▇▃]
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file smooth_mesh.svg saved
Mesh generation examples
Below are presented some examples of structured mesh generation using Amaru.
Simple 2D mesh
using Amaru
block = Block([0 0 ; 2 2], nx=8, ny=6)
mesh = Mesh(block)
mplot(mesh, "mesh-quad4.svg", markers=true)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file mesh-quad4.svg saved
Mesh with quadratic cells
using Amaru
block = Block([0 0 ; 2 2], nx=8, ny=6, cellshape=QUAD8)
mesh = Mesh(block)
mplot(mesh, "mesh-quad8.svg", markers=true)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file mesh-quad8.svg saved
Simple 3D mesh
using Amaru
block = Block([0 0 0; 2 4 3], nx=3, ny=6, nz=6)
mesh = Mesh(block)
mplot(mesh, "mesh-hex8.svg", markers=true)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file mesh-hex8.svg saved
2D mesh constructed from two quadratic blocks
using Amaru
block1 = Block(
[
0.0 0.0
0.7643 0.7643
0.6667 1.0
0.0 1.0
0.38215 0.38215
0.692 0.8724
0.3333 1.0
0.0 0.5
],
cellshape=QUAD8, nx=5, ny=5
)
block2 = mirror(block1, base=[0, 0], axis=[0.7643, -0.7643])
mesh = Mesh(block1, block2)
mplot(mesh, "mesh-2d.svg", markers=true)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file mesh-2d.svg saved
Mesh with cells growing in the $x$ direction
using Amaru
R = 5.0
r = 1.0
block = BlockGrid(
[ 0.0, r, R ],
[ 0.0, R ],
nx=[ 4, 8 ],
ny=[ 8 ],
rx=[ 1, 1.2] # elements growing rate in the x direction
)
mesh = Mesh(block)
mplot(mesh, "mesh-rate.svg", markers=true)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file mesh-rate.svg saved
3D mesh obtained revolving the last example
mesh = revolve(mesh, minangle=0, maxangle=90, base=[0,0,0], axis=[0,1,0])
changeaxes!(mesh, "xzy")
rotate!(mesh, axis=[0,0,1], angle=90)
mplot(mesh, "mesh-rev.svg", azim=-45)
changeaxes!: mesh associated data was not reordered according to new axes.
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file mesh-rev.svg saved
Wire mesh
using Amaru
block1 = Block([0 0 0; 1 0 1; 0.7 0 0.3 ], n=7) # curved wire (quadratic)
block2 = Block([1 0 1; 1 0 2], n=5) # straight wire
mesh = Mesh(block1, block2)
mplot(mesh, "mesh-arc.svg", azim=-90, elev=0, markers=true)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file mesh-arc.svg saved
3D mesh obtained revolving the last example
mesh = revolve(mesh, n=24, axis=[0,0,1], base=[0,0,0]) # surface by revolution
mplot(mesh, "mesh-surf.svg", elev=15)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id
Available element fields:
quality, elem-id, cell-type, tag
file mesh-surf.svg saved
Finite element model
To performe a finite element analysis, an instance of the Model type is required. This represents the domain model and contains nodes and finite elements. The element instances are different from the cells in a Mesh object since the elements are constructed according to the analysis problem. To instantiate a Model object a mesh and a list of material models objects are needed. The Model type is used for all analysis problems, e.g. mechanical, thermal, seepage, etc. Thus, for a particular problem, a consistent list of materials should be used. For example, in a mechanical analysis, all elements should be associated to mechanical material types. Based on the choosen materials, the Model object will setup the corresponding finite elements and degrees of freedom.
Material definitions
There are several material models implemented in Amaru and are associated to a corresponding type, e.g. ElasticSolid, DruckerPrager, VonMises, ElasticRod, etc. A particular material instance is defined by calling the construcor with set of corresponding parameters.
using Amaru
steel = ElasticSolid(E=2e8, nu=0.2) # E in kPa
rock = DruckerPrager(E=2e8, nu=0.2, alpha=0.4, kappa=2500, H=1e4)
rebar = ElasticRod(E=2e8, A=1e-4)Model generation
The following example shows the walk through of creating a Model object. Note that the list of materials contains a pair relating a domain region to material instance.
using Amaru
# Mesh generation
block = Block([0 0 0; 1 0.1 0.1], nx=20, ny=2, nz=2, cellshape=HEX20)
mesh = Mesh(block)
# Analysis model
steel = ElasticSolid(E=2e8, nu=0.2) # E in kPa
materials = [
:(x>=0) => steel,
]
model = Model(mesh, materials)Model setup
setting elements...
3D model 3d model
621 nodes
80 elements
168 faces
336 edges
1 materials
0 loggersBoundary conditions
The boundary conditions are given by objects that define the quantities that should be applied to nodes, faces, edges or even elements (NodeBC, SurfaceBC, EdgeBC and ElementBC).
The example below shows a nodal boundary condition where all displacements are set to zero.
using Amaru
fixed_end = NodeBC(ux=0, uy=0, uz=0)NodeBC
conds: Base.Pairs(:ux => 0, :uy => 0, :uz => 0)
filter: Expr ()
nodes: 0-element Vector{Node}This other example shows a face boudary condition where a traction is applied in the negative $z$ direction.
using Amaru
load = SurfaceBC(tz=-10)SurfaceBC
conds: Base.Pairs(:tz => -10)
filter: Expr ()
faces: 0-element Vector{Cell}The keys (e.g. ux, tz, etc.) to be set in a boundary condition are related to the analysis problem, and ultimately to the material types in use. For example, in a mechanical analysis, the keys for nodal boundary conditions are ux, uy, uz, fx, fy and fz where ux represents displacement and fx concentrated force, both in the $x$ direction. Similarly, the keys for a face boudary condition are ux, uy, uz, tx, ty and tz, where tx is a traction (force per area) in the $x$ direction. Besides, the tn key can be used to apply traction normal to the face.
Analysis example
This example shows a mechanical analysis in a steel beam. The left end was clamped, thus all displacements at x==0 are set to zero. Also, a vertical traction is applied at the right end. The solve! function performs the calculations of a Model instance subjected to a set of boundary conditions. The function also updates the state variables at the elements' integration points.
For post-processing in a visualization software (e.g. Paraview), the model can save the current per node and per element values (e.g. displacements, stresses, etc.) in "vtk" and "vtu" formats. To save the full state of a domain model, the output in "xml" format is also supported; thus, the model can be reused in future analyses.
using Amaru
# Mesh generation
block = Block([0 0 0; 1 0.1 0.1], nx=20, ny=2, nz=2, cellshape=HEX8)
mesh = Mesh(block)
# Analysis model
steel = ElasticSolid(E=200e6, nu=0.2) # E in kPa
materials = [
:(x>=0) => steel,
]
model = Model(mesh, materials)
bcs = [
:(x==0) => NodeBC(ux=0, uy=0, uz=0)
:(x==1) => SurfaceBC(tz=-1000)
]
addstage!(model, bcs)
solve!(model, quiet=true)
save(model, "beam.vtu")Model setup
setting elements...
3D model 3d model
189 nodes
80 elements
168 faces
336 edges
1 materials
0 loggers
Mechanical solver
active threads: 1
model type: 3d
file beam.vtu saved The mplot function allow to save a plot of the domain in several formats (e.g. "pdf", "svg", "png", etc.). In this case, the deformed state is plot using a mangnification scale of 100. Also the $u_y$ field is displayed and the corresponding label is placed next to the colorbar. To adjunst the point of view, the azim, elev and dist parameters can be set. They represent, respectively, the azimut, elevation angle and distance to the rendered domain.
mplot(model, "beam.svg", warpscale=100, field=:uz, colorbarlabel=raw"$u_z$", colorbarscale=0.4, azim=-90, elev=30, dist=7)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id, ux, fx, uy, fy, uz, fz, sxx, syy, szz, syz, sxz, sxy, s1, s2, s3,
exx, eyy, ezz, eyz, exz, exy, U
Available element fields:
elem-id, cell-type
file beam.svg saved
Nonlinear analysis
The use of material models with nonlinear behavior lead to a nonlinear analyses. For example, the VonMises material type represents a nonlinear material model. For the analysis, the number of increments can be adjusted using the nincs parameter. Also, the autoinc parameter can be set to true to le the solve! function to automatically compute and recompute the increment sizes. The tol paramter specifies the maximum force discrepancy between internal and external forces.
using Amaru
# Mesh generation
block = Block([0 0 0; 1 0.1 0.1], nx=20, ny=2, nz=4, cellshape=HEX8)
mesh = Mesh(block)
# Analysis model
steel1 = ElasticSolid(E=2e8, nu=0.2) # E in kPa
steel2 = VonMises(E=2e8, nu=0.2, fy=500e3, H=1e4)
materials = [
:(x>=0.5) => steel1,
:(x<=0.5) => steel2
]
model = Model(mesh, materials)
bcs = [
:(x==0) => NodeBC(ux=0, uy=0, uz=0)
:(x==1) => SurfaceBC(uz=-0.04)
]
addstage!(model, bcs)
solve!(model, tol=0.01, autoinc=true, quiet=true)Model setup
setting elements...
3D model 3d model
315 nodes
160 elements
256 faces
512 edges
2 materials
0 loggers
Mechanical solver
active threads: 1
model type: 3dmplot(model, "beam-vm.svg", warpscale=10, field=:sxx, fieldmult=1e-3, colorbarlabel=raw"$\sigma_{xx}$", colorbarscale=0.4, azim=-90, dist=7)
Mesh plotting
Optional arguments:
axis, lw, markers, nodelabels, celllabels, opacity, field,
fieldmult, fieldlims, vectorfield, arrowscale, colormap, colorbarscale,
colorbarlabel, colorbarlocation, colorbarorientation, colorbarpad,
warpscale, hicells, elev, azim, dist, outline, outlineangle,
figsize, leaveopen, quiet
Available node fields:
node-id, ux, fx, uy, fy, uz, fz, sxx, syy, szz, syz, sxz, sxy, s1, s2, s3,
exx, eyy, ezz, eyz, exz, exy, epa, j1, srj2d, U
Available element fields:
elem-id, cell-type
file beam-vm.svg saved
Loggers
Loggers are objects designed to track the information of nodes, integration points, faces, edges, points and segments. That information is updated at every increment and can be saved to a file.
using Amaru
nodelog = NodeLogger("nodelog.table")
iplog = IpLogger("nodelog.table")
facelog = FacesSumLogger("nodelog.table")
nodeslog = NodeGroupLogger("nodes.book")The loggers need to be associated to the entity they track by using a filter expression, coordinates or a tag string. Finally, the loggers have to be linked to a Model object by using the setloggers! function.
using Amaru
# Mesh generation
block = Block([0 0 0; 1 0.1 0.1], nx=20, ny=2, nz=3, cellshape=HEX8)
mesh = Mesh(block)
# Analysis model
steel1 = ElasticSolid(E=2e8, nu=0.2) # E in kPa
steel2 = VonMises(E=2e8, nu=0.2, fy=500e3, H=1e4)
materials = [
:(x>=0.5) => steel1,
:(x<=0.5) => steel2
]
model = Model(mesh, materials)
bcs = [
:(x==0) => NodeBC(ux=0, uy=0, uz=0)
:(x==1) => SurfaceBC(uz=-0.04)
]
loggers = [
:(x==1) => FacesSumLogger("tip.table"),
[0.05, 0.05, 0.1] => IpLogger("ip.table"),
:(y==0.1 && z==0.1) => NodeGroupLogger("topgroup.book"),
[0 0.05 0.1; 1 0.05 0.1] => SegmentLogger("top.book", n=40),
[0 0.05 0.0; 1 0.05 0.0] => SegmentLogger("bottom.book", n=40),
]
setloggers!(model, loggers)
addstage!(model, bcs, nouts=2)
solve!(model, tol=0.01, autoinc=true, quiet=true)Model setup
setting elements...
3D model 3d model
252 nodes
120 elements
212 faces
424 edges
2 materials
0 loggers
setup_logger: No ip found at [0.05, 0.05, 0.1]. Picking the nearest at
[0.039434, 0.039434, 0.092956]
Mechanical solver
active threads: 1
model type: 3d
file ./top.book written
file ./bottom.book written
file ./top.book written
file ./bottom.book written
file ./top.book written
file ./bottom.book writtenThe loggers are classified single loggers and group loggers. Single loggers record a table of data. Group loggers record a book, which is a set of tables. Once the analysis is finished, the loggers data can be recovered in another script calling the constructors of the types DataTable and DataBook.
using Amaru
tip = DataTable("tip.table")
│ ux │ uy │ uz │ fx │ fy │ fz │ out │
│ 0.0e+00 │ 0.0e+00 │ 0.0 │ 0.0e+00 │ 0.0e+00 │ 0.0 │ 0.0 │
│ -8.1e-20 │ 8.1e-16 │ -0.0004 │ -5.9e-13 │ 5.2e-13 │ -2.22233 │ 0.0 │
│ 5.8e-19 │ 1.1e-15 │ -0.0012 │ -1.1e-12 │ 6.5e-13 │ -6.667 │ 0.0 │
│ 1.3e-18 │ 2.1e-15 │ -0.0028 │ -1.0e-12 │ 7.1e-13 │ -15.5563 │ 0.0 │
│ 3.5e-18 │ 4.8e-15 │ -0.006 │ 6.4e-13 │ 2.6e-12 │ -33.335 │ 0.0 │
│ 1.8e-18 │ 8.6e-15 │ -0.0124 │ -5.4e-12 │ 3.9e-12 │ -68.8924 │ 0.0 │
│ 4.6e-18 │ 9.7e-15 │ -0.02 │ -6.1e-12 │ 9.0e-12 │ -111.117 │ 1.0 │
│ -9.9e-20 │ -6.1e-18 │ -0.02128 │ 5.7e-14 │ 2.2e-15 │ -117.705 │ 1.0 │
│ -1.2e-19 │ -6.7e-18 │ -0.022688 │ 7.0e-13 │ 9.4e-15 │ -123.521 │ 1.0 │
│ -1.4e-19 │ -6.9e-18 │ -0.0242368 │ -3.2e-14 │ -1.4e-14 │ -129.086 │ 1.0 │
│ -1.3e-19 │ -7.8e-18 │ -0.0259405 │ -2.9e-14 │ 3.6e-14 │ -134.693 │ 1.0 │
│ -1.3e-19 │ -8.8e-18 │ -0.0278145 │ -2.8e-13 │ 1.6e-14 │ -140.261 │ 1.0 │
│ -1.3e-19 │ -1.0e-17 │ -0.029876 │ -2.6e-13 │ 2.0e-14 │ -144.938 │ 1.0 │
│ -8.1e-20 │ -1.2e-17 │ -0.0321436 │ 6.8e-14 │ 6.6e-14 │ -148.669 │ 1.0 │
│ -9.9e-20 │ -1.2e-17 │ -0.0346379 │ -1.3e-13 │ 1.0e-14 │ -152.093 │ 1.0 │
│ -9.9e-20 │ -1.3e-17 │ -0.0373817 │ -5.8e-13 │ 9.1e-15 │ -155.302 │ 1.0 │
│ -1.5e-19 │ -1.4e-17 │ -0.04 │ 3.7e-13 │ 8.5e-14 │ -157.96 │ 2.0 │ using Amaru
long = DataBook("topgroup.book").tables[end]
│ x │ y │ z │ ux │ fx │ uy │ fy │ uz │ fz │
│ 0.0 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0 │ -3.2e+02 │ 0.0e+00 │ 1.1e+02 │ 0.0e+00 │ 1.1e+02 │
│ 0.05 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.00032737 │ 2.9e-03 │ -1.4e-04 │ 1.0e-03 │ -1.9e-04 │ -1.9e-03 │
│ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.00072704 │ 2.9e-03 │ -1.5e-04 │ 4.4e-03 │ -7.1e-04 │ -4.9e-04 │
│ 0.15 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0010785 │ -7.2e-04 │ -1.1e-04 │ 1.5e-03 │ -1.6e-03 │ 1.3e-04 │
│ 0.2 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0013472 │ -3.6e-04 │ -6.6e-05 │ 1.0e-04 │ -2.9e-03 │ -1.3e-04 │
│ 0.25 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0015526 │ 1.8e-06 │ -4.5e-05 │ -8.6e-07 │ -4.3e-03 │ 1.2e-05 │
│ 0.3 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0017239 │ -1.3e-06 │ -3.2e-05 │ -9.9e-07 │ -6.0e-03 │ -1.2e-07 │
│ 0.35 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0018695 │ -1.2e-07 │ -2.5e-05 │ -7.0e-07 │ -7.8e-03 │ -8.7e-09 │
│ 0.4 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0020028 │ 2.6e-14 │ -2.4e-05 │ 1.0e-13 │ -9.7e-03 │ 2.6e-13 │
│ 0.45 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0021251 │ 6.3e-14 │ -2.2e-05 │ 1.1e-15 │ -1.2e-02 │ 1.0e-13 │
│ 0.5 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0022369 │ -2.2e-15 │ -2.0e-05 │ 1.7e-13 │ -1.4e-02 │ -6.8e-14 │
│ 0.55 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.002338 │ 1.8e-14 │ -1.8e-05 │ 2.1e-13 │ -1.6e-02 │ 8.2e-14 │
│ 0.6 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0024285 │ -8.2e-14 │ -1.6e-05 │ -3.2e-14 │ -1.9e-02 │ -5.8e-13 │
│ 0.65 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0025083 │ 6.4e-14 │ -1.4e-05 │ -7.7e-14 │ -2.1e-02 │ 3.1e-13 │
│ 0.7 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0025775 │ -1.0e-13 │ -1.2e-05 │ -3.2e-13 │ -2.4e-02 │ -1.8e-12 │
│ 0.75 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.002636 │ 1.0e-13 │ -9.8e-06 │ -1.1e-13 │ -2.6e-02 │ -4.4e-13 │
│ 0.8 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0026839 │ -6.6e-14 │ -7.9e-06 │ -4.1e-13 │ -2.9e-02 │ -4.0e-13 │
│ 0.85 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0027212 │ 1.5e-13 │ -5.9e-06 │ -1.2e-13 │ -3.2e-02 │ 7.9e-13 │
│ 0.9 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0027478 │ -2.1e-13 │ -3.9e-06 │ -1.5e-13 │ -3.4e-02 │ 1.6e-15 │
│ 0.95 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0027638 │ 2.8e-14 │ -1.9e-06 │ -1.2e-13 │ -3.7e-02 │ 6.6e-13 │
│ 1.0 │ 0.1 │ 0.1 │ 0.0027693 │ 1.1e-13 │ -7.0e-07 │ -8.9e-14 │ -4.0e-02 │ -4.8e+00 │ Plotting
Amaru provides a chart ploting function cplot to ease the visualization of the data stored in DataTable and DataBook objects.
using Amaru
tip = DataTable("tip.table")
cplot(
(x=tip.uz, y=tip.fz, marker="o"),
"uz_vs_fz.svg",
xmult = 1e3,
xlabel = raw"$u_z$ [mm]",
ylabel = raw"$f_z$ [kN]",
)
topgroup = DataBook("topgroup.book").tables[end]
cplot(
(x=topgroup.x, y=topgroup.uz, marker="o"),
"x_vs_uz.svg",
ymult = 1e3,
xlabel = raw"$x$ [m]",
ylabel = raw"$u_z$ [mm]",
)
top = DataBook("top.book").tables[end]
bottom = DataBook("bottom.book").tables[end]
cplot(
(x=top.x, y=top.sxx, marker="o", label="top"),
(x=bottom.x, y=bottom.sxx, marker="o", label="bottom"),
"x_vs_sxx.svg",
ymult = 1e-3,
xlabel = raw"$x$ [m]",
ylabel = raw"$\sigma_{xx}$ [MPa]",
)
Chart plotting
generating plot u_z$ [mm] vs f_z$ [kN]
Arguments:
args: plot data and optional filename
Optional named arguments:
xlabel, ylabel, xbins, ybins, showgrid, ticklength, figsize, legendloc,
legendexpand, bbox_to_anchor, ncol, xlim, ylim, equalaspect, xscale,
yscale, xmult, ymult, ticksinside, axis, arrowaxis, xticks, xticklabels,
yticks, yticklabels, fontsize, legendfontsize, textfontsize, labelspacing,
annotations, tagpos, tagloc, tagdist, tagfontsize, tagcolor, tagalign,
x2label, y2label, x2mult, y2mult, y2bins, x2lim, y2lim, y2scale, copypath,
quiet
Optional named arguments per curve:
x, y, color, ls, lw, marker, ms, mfc, label, tag, tagpos, tagloc, tagdist,
tagfontsize, tagcolor, tagalign
file uz_vs_fz.svg saved
Chart plotting
generating plot x$ [m] vs u_z$ [mm]
Arguments:
args: plot data and optional filename
Optional named arguments:
xlabel, ylabel, xbins, ybins, showgrid, ticklength, figsize, legendloc,
legendexpand, bbox_to_anchor, ncol, xlim, ylim, equalaspect, xscale,
yscale, xmult, ymult, ticksinside, axis, arrowaxis, xticks, xticklabels,
yticks, yticklabels, fontsize, legendfontsize, textfontsize, labelspacing,
annotations, tagpos, tagloc, tagdist, tagfontsize, tagcolor, tagalign,
x2label, y2label, x2mult, y2mult, y2bins, x2lim, y2lim, y2scale, copypath,
quiet
Optional named arguments per curve:
x, y, color, ls, lw, marker, ms, mfc, label, tag, tagpos, tagloc, tagdist,
tagfontsize, tagcolor, tagalign
file x_vs_uz.svg saved
Chart plotting
generating plot x$ [m] vs \sigma_{xx}$ [MPa]
Arguments:
args: plot data and optional filename
Optional named arguments:
xlabel, ylabel, xbins, ybins, showgrid, ticklength, figsize, legendloc,
legendexpand, bbox_to_anchor, ncol, xlim, ylim, equalaspect, xscale,
yscale, xmult, ymult, ticksinside, axis, arrowaxis, xticks, xticklabels,
yticks, yticklabels, fontsize, legendfontsize, textfontsize, labelspacing,
annotations, tagpos, tagloc, tagdist, tagfontsize, tagcolor, tagalign,
x2label, y2label, x2mult, y2mult, y2bins, x2lim, y2lim, y2scale, copypath,
quiet
Optional named arguments per curve:
x, y, color, ls, lw, marker, ms, mfc, label, tag, tagpos, tagloc, tagdist,
tagfontsize, tagcolor, tagalign
file x_vs_sxx.svg saved
